Territory ‘000 km²

Population ‘000

Density (people/ km²)

Main Ethnic Groups

% of Total Population

Main Conflicts

Armenia

29.8

3,344

112

Armenians

Azeri

Russians

Yezidi Kurds

93

3

2

2

·          Armenia has supported ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh region (Azerbaijan) in separatist conflict since 1989

·          Ethnic Azeri left Armenia by the end 1993

Azerbaijan

86.6

7,748

89.5

Azeri

Russians

Armenians

Others, including Avars, Lezgins, etc.

89

3

2

6

·          Armenia has supported ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh region (Azerbaijan) in separatist conflict since 1989

·          Azeri refugees problems

·          Lezgins’ claim for autonomy and joint to Russian Lezgins in the north

·          Caspian status and boundaries

Georgia

69,7

5,019

72

Georgians

Armenians

Russian

Azeri

Ossetians

Abkhaz

Others

70.1

8.1

6.3

5.7

3

1.8

5

·          Georgian-Ossetian conflict for the status of autonomous oblast (Georgian denounced the autonomy, Ossetians insist in independence after the victory in 1989-1992 military conflict)

·          Georgian-Abkazian conflict (Georgian tried to denounce the autonomy, Abkazians have insisted on independent status on the basis of separate status during history and independent from Georgia status before 1925 as well as the victory during 1992-93 war)

·          Conflict with Azeri, which are the majority in three districts – Marenulskij, Bolniskij and Dmaniskij (Borchaly region)

·          Conflict with Armenians in Akhalstkij, Akhalaksij and Ninostmidovskij districts

·          Interethnic tensions among sub-ethnic Georgian groups

Russian Federation

17,075.4

147,400

8.6

North Caucasus

355.1

16,750.6

47.1

Rostov oblast’

100.8

4308.6

42.7

·          Tensions resulted from migration and refugees

·          Cossacks pressure for the creation special Cossacks districts

·          Tensions with Caucasians

Stavropol oblast’

56.6

2439.6

35.4

Krasnodar kraj

76.0

4680.5

61.2

Daghestan

50.3

1802.6

35.4

Avars

Dargins

Kumyks

Lezgins

Russians

Lakhs

Tabasarans

Azeris

Chechens

Nogai

Rutulcians

27.5

15.6

12.9

11.3

9.2

5.1

4.3

4.2

3.2

1.6

0.9

·          Federalization of Daghestan; demands of the national movements of Kumyks, Cossacks and Nogai

·          Recreation of the Aukhskii district (compact Chechen population)

·          Conflict between Chechens and Avars in Kazbegovskij district

·          Conflict between Chechens and Lakhs in Novo-Lakhskij district

·          Conflict between Kumyks and Avars for power

·          Creation of Nogai autonomy

·          Creation of Lezgin Autonomy including Lezgin territories of Azerbaijan

·          Separation of the Kizlyarskij district (Cossacks)

·          Conflict between Lakhs and Kumyks in Khasav-Yurt

Kabardino-Balkaria

12.5

759.6

60.8

Kabardins

Balkars

Russians

Ukrainians

Ossetians

48.2

9.4

32.0

1.7

1.3

·          Demand to recreate administrative borders of 1944 by the Balkars led to the declaration of two republics – Balkar and Kabardian in 1991, while Kabardins insisted on the recognition of the borders of the 1863 treaty between Balkars and Kabardins

·          Tensions between Cossacks and local ethnic groups

Northern Osseria

8.0

634.0

79.2

Ossetians

Russians

Ingushens

Armenians

Georgians

Kumyks

53.0

30.0

5.2

2.2

1.9

1.5

·          Conflict between Ossetians and Ingushens for the Prigorodnyj district, which was a part of Ingushetia before 1943

·          Demands of unification of Mozdokskij district (mainly, Russian population) with Stavropol kraj

·          Social tensions due to more than 100,000 Ossetian refugees from Georgia

Checheno-Ingushetia

19.3

1275.5

66.2

Chechens

Ingushens

Russians

Armenians

Kumyks

Nogai

Avars

57.8

12.9

23.1

1.2

0.8

0.5

0.5

·          War with Russia in 1994-96 and 1999-currently

·          Conflict among several main Chechen teips (tribes) in 1991-94, 1996-99

·          Conflict between Chechens and Ingushens about the Sunzhenskij and Malgobegskij districts

·          Conflict Chechens and Cossacks about the Nadterechnij district

·          Osetino-Ingushen conflict about the the Prigorodnyj district, which was a part of Ingushetia before 1943

·          More than 100,000 Ingushen Refugees from Northern Ossetia

Adygeya

7.6

432.6

56.9

Adygheyans

Russians

Ukrainians

Armenians

22.6

69.4

3.2

2.5

·          Feud between Cossacks and the authorities

·          Feud between Russians and Adygheyans about unequal distribution of power in favor of Adygheyans